Lady Mary (Leonora Woulfe) Sheil, in her observation of Iran during the Qajar era, states that the Kurds and the Leks would consider themselves as belonging to the race of the "old Persians". In 1333, medieval Moroccan traveler and scholar Ibn Battuta referred to the Afghans of Kabul as a specific sub-tribe of the Persians. 10th-century Iraqi historian Al-Masudi refers to Pahlavi, Dari, and Azari as dialects of the Persian language. Some medieval and early modern Islamic sources also used cognates of the term Persian to refer to various Iranian peoples and languages, including the speakers of Khwarazmian, Mazanderani, and Old Azeri. Thus, especially in the Western world, the names Persia and Persian came to refer to all of Iran and its subjects. Apparently, the Persians themselves knew the story, as Xerxes I tried to use it to suborn the Argives during his invasion of Greece, but ultimately failed to do so.Īlthough Persis (Persia proper) was only one of the provinces of ancient Iran, varieties of this term (e.g., Persia) were adopted through Greek sources and used as an exonym for all of the Persian Empire for many years. Herodotus recounts this story, devising a foreign son, Perses, from whom the Persians took the name. In the Bible, particularly in the books of Daniel, Esther, Ezra, and Nehemya, it is given as Pārās ( פָּרָס).Ī Greek folk etymology connected the name to Perseus, a legendary character in Greek mythology.
The term Persian, meaning "from Persia", derives from Latin Persia, itself deriving from Greek Persís ( Περσίς), a Hellenized form of Old Persian Pārsa ( 𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿), which evolves into Fārs ( فارس) in modern Persian. In historical contexts, especially in English, "Persian" may be defined more loosely (often as a national identity) to cover all subjects of the ancient Persian polities, regardless of their ethnic background. Many influential Persian figures hailed from outside of Iran's present-day borders-to the northeast in Afghanistan and Central Asia, and to a lesser extent within the Caucasus proper to the northwest. Historically, however, the terms Tajik and Tat were used synonymously and interchangeably with Persian. In contemporary terminology, people from Afghanistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan who natively speak the Persian language are known as Tajiks, with the former two countries having their own dialects of Persian known as Dari and Tajiki, respectively whereas those in the Caucasus (primarily in the present-day Republic of Azerbaijan and Dagestan, Russia), albeit heavily assimilated, are known as Tats. Persian literature is one of the world's most prominent literary traditions. Throughout history, the Persian people have contributed greatly to art and science. Together with their compatriot allies, they established and ruled some of the world's most powerful empires that are well-recognized for their massive cultural, political, and social influence, which covered much of the territory and population of the ancient world. The ancient Persians were originally an ancient Iranian people who had migrated to the region of Persis (corresponding to the modern-day Iranian province of Fars) by the 9th century BCE. They share a common cultural system and are native speakers of the Persian language as well as of the languages that are closely related to Persian. The Persians ( / ˈ p ɜːr ʒ ən z/ PUR-zhənz or / ˈ p ɜːr ʃ ən z/ PUR-shənz) are an Iranian ethnic group who comprise over half of the population of Iran. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.
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